The comfort of bicycle saddles is crucial for riders. Improving saddle comfort is the main means for many bicycle manufacturers to enhance their product competitiveness. Research has shown that cycling on a saddle with insufficient comfort can affect the blood circulation system, urinary and reproductive systems, and pose a threat to physical health. This article is the first to combine a three-dimensional human body model with a saddle for finite element simulation analysis. It studies the distribution of stress and contact stress under different placement, material characteristics, structural characteristics, and human riding posture of the saddle, and its impact on human comfort. Modal analysis is also conducted, and factors affecting riding comfort are studied based on the analysis results. According to the principles of saddle ergonomics, it is proposed that the main factors affecting riding comfort are the physical characteristics of the saddle and the riding posture of the human body. The physical characteristics of the saddle mainly include its shape, hardness, and position; The human body riding posture includes two types: leisure posture and athlete posture. The human body is regarded as a continuum with non-uniform elastic modulus and heterogeneity, and its discretization is processed. With reference to the data of "Chinese adult human body size standard" and the 95th percentile size of women aged 18-25 years as the standard, the human body model with 16 physiological links is established using PROE 3D drawing software, and is assembled with the saddle 3D model, and then imported into ANSYS to establish a finite element model. Studied the impact of saddle position, shape, hardness, and riding posture on human contact pressure. It was found that under the same conditions, when the saddle is placed horizontally, the contact pressure on the human body is much smaller than when the saddle is tilted upwards, and both are within the allowable strength of the saddle; When changing the shape of the saddle with grooves in between, the perineal area will sink, and the pressure of the saddle on the human perineal area will be greatly reduced; Comparing the amount of contact pressure on the human body between the casual posture and the athlete posture, it can be found that the casual posture can effectively reduce the contact pressure from the saddle. In addition, when quantitatively analyzing the influence of the material physical properties of the saddle on the distribution of human contact pressure, the human contact pressure increases with the increase of the saddle hardness; And under the same conditions, as the spring stiffness increases, the contact pressure of the human body will also increase, affecting cycling comfort. The analysis results provide a theoretical basis and guiding ideology for saddle design. Modal analysis is conducted on the coupling model of the human body and bicycle saddle to obtain displacement vector diagrams and main vibration modes. Dynamic response theory is used to study the factors that affect ride comfort. The natural frequency of the coupling model between the human body and bicycle saddle under road excitation should avoid various road excitation frequency ranges to eliminate resonance images, avoid severe vibration, and prevent discomfort to human cycling. This further proves the theoretical feasibility of finite element analysis of the coupling model between the human body and bicycle saddle, and has important application value.
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